Hello People

İngilizce gramer konuları

Hello People'daki 69 ünitenin hepsi burada, Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Çerçevesi (CEFR) seviyelerine göre sıralı. Her ünitenin özet sayfasında kuralların Türkçe anlatımı, özet tablo ve örnek cümleler var.

A1 · Başlangıç

Kendini tanıt, günlük hayatını anlat. 19 ünite.

  1. A1 · Ünite 1

    To Be: am / is / are

    Kendini ve başkalarını tanıt

    I am · You are · He · She · It is · We · You · They are · Olumsuz: not · Sorular · Günlük hayatta to be

  2. A1 · Ünite 2

    Tekil ve çoğul isimler

    a / an / the, book → books

    a / an · Çoğul: -s, -es, -ies · İki kitap: two books · Düzensiz çoğullar · The: bilinen şey

  3. A1 · Ünite 3

    Zamirler ve iyelik

    me, him · my, your · Ali's book

    me, him, her, us, them · my, your, our, their · his, her, its · Ali's book · Whose…?

  4. A1 · Ünite 4

    This, that, these, those

    Yakındaki ve uzaktaki şeyler

    This · That · These · Those · What is this? · This book · Those shoes

  5. A1 · Ünite 5

    There is / there are

    Bir yerde ne olduğunu anlat

    There is · There's · There are · There isn't · There aren't · Is there…? · How many…?

  6. A1 · Ünite 6

    Have / have got

    Sahip olmak: I have a car (≠ there is)

    I have · She has · Have got · Has got · Have you got…? · Have mı, there is mi?

  7. A1 · Ünite 7

    Emir cümleleri

    Sit down, don't run

    Open the door! · Don't run! · Let's go! · Turn left · Go straight on

  8. A1 · Ünite 8

    Simple Present

    Geniş zaman: I work, she works

    I work · She works · -s, -es, -ies · Alışkanlıklar ve gerçekler · Olumsuz: don't · doesn't

  9. A1 · Ünite 9

    Do / does ve soru kelimeleri

    Do you…? What, where, who, how much

    Do you…? · Does she…? · Yes, I do · No, she doesn't · What, where, when, why, how · How much · How many · Who

  10. A1 · Ünite 10

    Sıklık zarfları

    always, usually, sometimes, never

    Always, sometimes, never · Zarfın yeri · How often…? · once, twice · Never · Sorular ve olumsuz

  11. A1 · Ünite 11

    Like / love / hate + -ing

    I like reading, she hates waiting

    Like, love, hate + -ing · -ing yazımı · Enjoy ve don't mind · Olumsuz, soru ve like + isim · I like mı, I'd like mı?

  12. A1 · Ünite 12

    Present Continuous

    Şimdiki zaman: I am working

    I am working · Olumsuz: isn't working · Sorular ve kısa cevaplar · Now, Look!, Listen!

  13. A1 · Ünite 13

    Geniş zaman mı, şimdiki zaman mı?

    Türkçedeki -yor her zaman -ing değildir

    Rutin mi, şu an mı? · Zaman ifadeleri ipucu verir · -yor her zaman -ing değildir · Durum fiilleri -ing almaz

  14. A1 · Ünite 14

    Can / can't

    Yeteneklerini anlat

    I can · I can't · Can + yalın fiil · Can you…? Kısa cevaplar · İzin ve rica

  15. A1 · Ünite 15

    Was / were

    To be'nin geçmiş hali

    I was · They were · wasn't · weren't · yesterday · Was she…? Were they…? · I was born · There was

  16. A1 · Ünite 16

    Simple Past

    Geçmiş zaman: I worked, I went

    Düzenli fiiller: -ed · Düzensiz fiiller · Olumsuz: didn't · Did you…? Kısa cevaplar · Where did you go?

  17. A1 · Ünite 17

    Some / any

    Sayılabilen ve sayılamayan isimler

    Sayılabilen mi, sayılamayan mı? · a / an mı, some mı? · Olumsuz ve soruda any · Rica ve teklif: some · How much / How many

  18. A1 · Ünite 18

    In / on / at

    Yer ve zaman edatları

    Yer: in · on · at · Yanında, altında, arasında · Zaman: at · on · Zaman: in

  19. A1 · Ünite 19

    A1 genel tekrar

    Seviye sonu sınavı

    To be, isimler ve zamirler · There is, have got, emir cümleleri · Simple Present ve sıklık zarfları · -ing'li yapılar · Can, was/were ve Simple Past

A2 · Temel

Geçmişi ve planlarını anlat, karşılaştırma yap. 13 ünite.

  1. A2 · Ünite 20

    Past Continuous

    I was working when…

    Olumlu: was / were + -ing · Olumsuz ve soru · Kesilen eylem: when · Aynı anda: while · Past Simple mı, Past Continuous mı?

  2. A2 · Ünite 21

    Artikeller

    a, the ya da hiçbiri?

    a / an · the: bilinen şey · Artikelsiz: genel anlam · Kalıplar: at home, by bus · Yer adları: Turkey, the USA

  3. A2 · Ünite 22

    Karşılaştırma

    bigger, more beautiful, the best

    Kısa sıfatlar: -er than · Uzun sıfatlar: more … than · better, worse, much bigger · En üstünlük: the -est · the most …, the best

  4. A2 · Ünite 23

    as … as, too / enough

    as tall as, too hot, old enough

    as … as: eşitlik · not as … as · too + sıfat · sıfat + enough · enough + isim, too much / too many

  5. A2 · Ünite 24

    Sıfat mı, zarf mı?

    quick → quickly, good → well

    Zarf yapımı: -ly · Sıfat mı, zarf mı? · good → well, fast, hard · look, feel, sound + sıfat · very, really, quite

  6. A2 · Ünite 25

    Going to / will

    Gelecek planları ve tahminler

    Going to: planlar · Are you going to…? · Will: karar, teklif, söz · Will: tahminler · Going to mı, will mi?

  7. A2 · Ünite 26

    Present Perfect'e giriş

    I have seen, have you ever…?

    have / has + V3 · Fiilin 3. hali (V3) · Haven't · Have you…? · Ever, never · been / gone · Just, already, yet

  8. A2 · Ünite 27

    Must / have to / should

    Zorunluluk ve tavsiye

    Must · mustn't · Have to · has to · had to · Mustn't mı, don't have to mı? · Should · shouldn't

  9. A2 · Ünite 28

    Might / may

    Olasılık: It might rain

    It might rain · May · May I…? · Maybe mi, might mı? · Will, might, won't

  10. A2 · Ünite 29

    Much / many / a lot of

    Miktar bildirme

    much mı, many mi? · a lot of / lots of · İsimsiz: a lot, much · too much / too many

  11. A2 · Ünite 30

    Possessive pronouns

    mine, yours, his, hers

    mine, yours · his, hers, ours, theirs · my mi, mine mı? · Whose is it? It's mine.

  12. A2 · Ünite 31

    Bağlaçlar

    and, but, because, so

    and, but · or · because, so · first, then, after that · when

  13. A2 · Ünite 32

    A2 genel tekrar

    Seviye sonu sınavı

    Past Continuous ve Present Perfect · Artikeller ve miktar · Karşılaştırma, too/enough, zarflar · Gelecek ve olasılık · Modallar, iyelik zamirleri, bağlaçlar

B1 · Orta

Deneyimlerini, koşulları ve fikirlerini ifade et. 15 ünite.

  1. B1 · Ünite 33

    Present Perfect mi, Past Simple mı?

    Hangisi ne zaman kullanılır

    Yesterday mi, today mi? · When did…? Haber ve ayrıntı · For ve since · Ago, for ve How long

  2. B1 · Ünite 34

    Present Perfect Continuous

    I have been working

    have been + -ing · How long have you been…? · Görünen sonuçlar · lately · I've been reading / I've read

  3. B1 · Ünite 35

    Past Perfect

    I had already left

    had + V3 · Hangisi önce oldu? · Already, never before, by the time · Çünkü … -mıştı

  4. B1 · Ünite 36

    1. ve 2. Conditional

    If it rains… / If I were you…

    Zero Conditional · 1. Conditional · Unless, when, as soon as · 2. Conditional · If I were you · 1. mi, 2. mi?

  5. B1 · Ünite 37

    Edilgen yapı (Passive)

    It is made, it was built

    am / is / are + V3 · was / were + V3 · by + kişi · Olumsuz ve soru · will be / can be + V3

  6. B1 · Ünite 38

    Relative clauses

    who, which, that, where

    who: insanlar · which: eşyalar · that'i atmak · where ve whose

  7. B1 · Ünite 39

    Used to

    Eskiden yaptığın şeyler

    used to + V1 · didn't use to · Did you use to…? · used to mu, Past Simple mı? · be used to + -ing

  8. B1 · Ünite 40

    Reported speech

    Dolaylı anlatım: He said that…

    He said (that)… · say mi, tell mi? · Zaman kayması · will → would, can → could · Zamirler, zaman ve yer

  9. B1 · Ünite 41

    Gerund ve infinitive

    enjoy doing, want to do

    Fiil + -ing · Fiil + to + fiil · İkisi de olur / anlam değişir · Edattan sonra -ing · Amaç: -mek için

  10. B1 · Ünite 42

    Phrasal verbs

    give up, look for, turn on

    Phrasal verb nedir? · Evde: turn on, put on · turn it on: zamirin yeri · Ayrılmayanlar: look for, get on · Hayattan phrasal verb'ler

  11. B1 · Ünite 43

    Question tags

    …, isn't it? …, didn't you?

    to be ile: isn't it? · do / does / did ile · have, can, will… ile · Özel tag'ler · Cevap ve tonlama

  12. B1 · Ünite 44

    Dolaylı sorular

    Can you tell me where…?

    Where the station is · do / does / did kaybolur · if / whether · I wonder, I have no idea · Who called? Where I can…

  13. B1 · Ünite 45

    Dönüşlü zamirler

    myself, yourself, themselves

    myself, yourself, themselves · Kalıplar ve vurgu · by myself, on my own · each other mı, themselves mı? · Türkçede dönüşlü, İngilizcede değil

  14. B1 · Ünite 46

    a few / a little

    few, little ve aralarındaki fark

    a few mı, a little mı? · “a” olmadan: few, little · only a few, quite a few, a bit of · a little tired · fewer, less

  15. B1 · Ünite 47

    B1 genel tekrar

    Seviye sonu sınavı

    Perfect zamanlar · Koşul cümleleri ve edilgen · Relative clauses ve used to · Dolaylı anlatım, dolaylı sorular, question tags · Fiil kalıpları ve küçük kelimeler

B2 · Orta üstü

Karmaşık zamanlar ve yapılarla akıcı konuş. 13 ünite.

  1. B2 · Ünite 48

    Past Perfect Continuous

    Anlatı zamanları: I had been waiting

    had been + -ing · Geçmişteki izler · had done mı, had been doing mi? · Anlatı zamanları

  2. B2 · Ünite 49

    3. ve karışık Conditional

    If I had known…

    If I had known… · hadn't, wouldn't have, 'd · could have, might have · Karışık conditional · Hangi conditional?

  3. B2 · Ünite 50

    İleri edilgen yapılar

    It is said that…, being done

    is being done · has been done · must be done · It is said that… · being done, to be done

  4. B2 · Ünite 51

    Çıkarım modalları

    must have, can't have, might have

    You must be tired · That can't be true · might be, could be · must have done · can't have, might have

  5. B2 · Ünite 52

    Should have / could have

    Geçmişe yönelik eleştiri ve pişmanlık

    You should have told me · You shouldn't have · You could have called! · I would have come, but… · needn't have, didn't need to

  6. B2 · Ünite 53

    Wish / if only

    Pişmanlık ve dilekler

    wish + past simple · wish + past perfect · wish + would · If only

  7. B2 · Ünite 54

    Future Continuous / Perfect

    I will be working, I will have finished

    will be + -ing · Future Continuous'un kullanımları · will have + V3 · will have been + -ing, by the time

  8. B2 · Ünite 55

    Geçmişteki gelecek

    was going to, would

    was / were going to · would: geçmişten bakınca gelecek · was about to · was supposed to

  9. B2 · Ünite 56

    Have / get something done

    Bir işi başkasına yaptırmak

    have + nesne + V3 · Farklı zamanlarda · get something done, sorular · Başına gelen olaylar · make / let / have / get someone

  10. B2 · Ünite 57

    Non-defining relative clauses

    Virgüllü yapılar: My brother, who lives…

    Virgül ve ek bilgi · that yok, zamir düşmez · whose, whom, where, when · which: tüm cümleyi kastetmek · Edat + which / whom

  11. B2 · Ünite 58

    Zıtlık bağlaçları

    although, despite, whereas

    although, even though, though · despite, in spite of · however, nevertheless · whereas, while · Doğru bağlacı seç

  12. B2 · Ünite 59

    İleri reported speech

    Soru ve emirleri aktarmak

    Evet/hayır sorularını aktarmak · Wh- sorularını aktarmak · Emir ve ricaları aktarmak · promise, refuse, advise, warn · suggest, deny, apologise

  13. B2 · Ünite 60

    B2 genel tekrar

    Seviye sonu sınavı

    İleri zamanlar · Koşullar ve dilekler · Geçmiş modallar · İleri passive ve have something done · Virgüllü yapılar, bağlaçlar, aktarma

C1 · İleri

Vurgulu, resmi ve incelikli yapıları kullan. 9 ünite.

  1. C1 · Ünite 61

    Devrik yapılar (inversion)

    Never have I…, Not only…

    Never have I… · Hardly… when · No sooner… than · Not only… but also · Only then · Not until · Under no circumstances · Little did I know

  2. C1 · Ünite 62

    Cleft sentences

    What I need is…, It was… that

    It was… that / who · What I need is… · All I want · The reason… · I do like it! · It wasn't until… · That's why

  3. C1 · Ünite 63

    Participle clauses

    Having finished…, Seen from above…

    Walking home, I… · Seen from above… · Having finished… · The man sitting there · Gizli özne ve bağlaçlar

  4. C1 · Ünite 64

    İleri modallar

    needn't have, would rather, be bound to

    needn't have · didn't need to · would rather · would sooner · had better · be bound to · be likely to · might as well · could hardly

  5. C1 · Ünite 65

    İleri conditional yapılar

    Should you need…, Were I to…

    Should you need help… · Were I to…, Had I known… · Unless, provided that, as long as · But for, if it weren't for · Otherwise, supposing, what if

  6. C1 · Ünite 66

    Subjunctive

    I suggest he be…, It's vital that she attend

    I suggest he be… · It's vital that she attend · I suggest that he should… · If I were… · So be it · It's high time · I'd rather you…

  7. C1 · Ünite 67

    Ellipsis ve substitution

    so do I, I hope so, I'd love to

    So do I · Neither can I · I think so · I hope not · The blue one, the cheaper ones · Do so, did too · I can't, but she can · I'd love to

  8. C1 · Ünite 68

    Hedging

    It would appear that…, tends to

    Seem to, appear to · It would appear that… · Tend to, likely to · May, might, could ile temkin · To some extent, arguably

  9. C1 · Ünite 69

    C1 genel tekrar

    Seviye sonu sınavı

    Devrik yapı ve cleft cümleler · Participle clauses · İleri modallar · İleri koşullar ve subjunctive · Ellipsis ve hedging